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	<title>Bolar Pharmaceuticals Nigeria Limited</title>
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	<link>http://bolarpharm.com</link>
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		<title>Videos: Cancer Awareness and Alternative Therapy and Immunity and Wellness Seminars</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/09/cancer-awareness-and-alternative-therapy-and-immunity-and-wellness-seminars-videos/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/09/cancer-awareness-and-alternative-therapy-and-immunity-and-wellness-seminars-videos/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2011 22:34:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cancer Info]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Products]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bolarpharm.com/?p=103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Immunity and Wellness Seminar 2011]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><img class="aligncenter" title="Logo" src="http://bolarpharm.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/logo.gif" alt="" width="201" height="99" /></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Immunity and Wellness Seminar 2011</strong><strong></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Date: </strong> Tuesday September 13, 2011</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Venue</strong>:  Main Hall, LASUTH, Ikeja Lagos</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Cancer Awareness and Alternative Therapy Seminar</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Thursday September 15, 2011</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">at Union Bank Hall, The Sickle Cell centre,</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">opposite LUTH Idiaraba Lagos</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>News  Release: Bolar Pharmaceuticals Introduces Immmiflex And Hunza</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/news-release-bolar-pharmaceuticals-introduces-immmiflex-and-hunza/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/news-release-bolar-pharmaceuticals-introduces-immmiflex-and-hunza/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Aug 2011 15:47:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cancer Info]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Seminar]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bolarpharm.com/?p=80</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Bolar Pharmaceuticals Ltd, a Nigerian]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Bolar Pharmaceuticals Ltd</strong>, a Nigerian pharmaceutical company involved in the marketing, sales and distributionof pharmaceuticals and healthcare products, today announced the planned introduction of two innovative and unique natural medicinal products into the Nigerian market. These products are <strong>Immiflex</strong> and <strong>Hunza.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Immiflex</strong> is a unique product which contains the ingredient <strong>Wellmune WGP</strong>, a patented beta-glucan which is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from cell wall of bakers yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>).   We define the specific and proprietary form of yeast beta-glucan, as 1, 3/1, 6 beta glucan used in <strong>Bolar’s Immiflex</strong> product by the trade name <strong>Wellmune WGP®.</strong>  It differs from other forms of beta-glucan in both chemical structure and biological activity. The ingredient <strong>Wellmune WGP</strong> is owned and patented by Biothera, an American biotechnology company.</p>
<p><strong>Immiflex</strong> contains this <strong>Wellmune WGP</strong> that has a natural priming effect on the innate Immune system, the body’s first line of defense against infection and has been shown to be highly effective at optimizing immune function in studies. When we are born we have an active innate<strong> </strong>immune system and an inactive acquired immune system. The acquired immune system develops as we are exposed to various immune challenges and provides the specific “memory “of our immune system. However, the innate immune cells acts as our front line of defense to recognise and destroy the majority of intruders that can cause infection.</p>
<p><strong>Immiflex</strong> is indicated to be used to strengthen and enhance the immune system, and can be used specifically in those wanting to reduce the incidence of coughs and colds, those who suffer malaria frequently, those wanting to offset the effects of stress, those who are immuno-suppressed, those who undertake a lot of exercise, those whose immune system are challenged in daily life, those who are HIV positive, and those suffering from cancer.</p>
<p><strong>Hunza </strong>is a unique natural herbal supplement which contains <strong>Laetrile or Vitamin B17</strong>, Reishi and Vitamin C. The main active constituent Laetrile has been studied and used in cancer prevention and treatment for over 40 years. Reishi helps to boost the immune system, while Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant. Laetrile or Vitamin B17 is available from various food sources including Apricot seeds, Almond seed, Apple seeds, cassava, caribou and salmon berries.</p>
<p>Cancer is now regarded as a chronic metabolic disease, and in history, these – scurvy, rickets, pellagra, beriberi – have only ever been conquered by a change in nutrition. “We work on the premise that the human body becomes the sum total of what it absorbs,” says one former NHS (UK) doctor who now runs a clinic specialising in a nutritional approach to the treatment of metabolic disease. “Many of today’s serious disorders are caused primarily as a result of dysfunctional diet and the way the body processes what we put into it.” (&#8220;A chronic disease is one which usually does not pass away of its own accord. A metabolic disease is one which occurs within the body and is not transmittable to another person.&#8221;) [G. Edward Griffin <em>World Without Cancer</em> (American Media, California, 1974 and 1997) p56-57]</p>
<p><strong>Hunza</strong> provides alternative therapy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. <strong>Hunza</strong> is a herbal agent containing Laetrile whose anti-tumour action was known empirically for many years, but in the last thirty five years has been scientifically proven, primarily through the clinical studies directed by well respected metabolic physicians around the world. Among them are Dr. Ernesto Contreras Rodriguez, of the Oasis of Hope Hospital (Formerly Centro Medico y Hospital Del Mar at Playas de Tijuana, B.C.N. Mexico); Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, Jr., who developed Laetrile; Dr. Philip E. Binzel, Jr., a physician in Washington Court House, Ohio, who has used Laetrile for over twenty years with outstanding success just to name a few; and many others from over twenty countries with equally impeccable credentials.</p>
<p><strong>Bolar </strong>will support the medical profession and patients with extensive health education in the areas of immunity, cancer, and alternative therapies. We believe these two products will provide the medical profession with useful options for enhancing immune systems and disease prevention; as well as cancer prevention and treatment.</p>
<p><strong>Bolar</strong> is a leading Nigerian pharmaceutical company established in 1984, but started operations in 1986, with a retail pharmacy. Over the years <strong>Bolar</strong> has represented several multinational companies in marketing and distribution. These include Johnson and Johnson, Astra Zeneca, Pharmacia and Upjohn, and Grunenthal. <strong>Bolar</strong> is presently focusing on developing own brands based on unique and natural ingredients and products, as well as new molecules which have been shown extensively to provide viable options for disease management and treatment.</p>
<p><strong>Bolar</strong> has partnered with local and international organizations to gain access to these unique ingredients and molecules. Over the coming years, <strong>Bolar </strong>will be introducing products in chronic disease areas where present treatments are unsatisfactory or could be improved upon. These include sickle cell, hepatitis, diabetes, cancer, BHP (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arthritis.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>These two products will be launched during two seminars that are being organized on the 13<sup>th</sup> and 15<sup>th  </sup>of September, 2011.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>For more Information, contact:</p>
<p><strong>Corporate Affairs  </strong></p>
<p><strong>BOLAR PHARMACEUTICALS LTD</strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="mailto:Info@bolarpharm.com">Info@bolarpharm.com</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>01-7739108, 08034105614, 08034499670</strong></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>CANCER AWARENESS AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY SEMINAR</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/cancer-awareness-and-alternative-therapy-seminar/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/cancer-awareness-and-alternative-therapy-seminar/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Aug 2011 09:54:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cancer Info]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bolarpharm.com/?p=54</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Bolar Pharmaceuticals, CancerFreeNigeria.org, and Immicare]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bolar Pharmaceuticals, CancerFreeNigeria.org, and Immicare AS, Norway/VitaFreeNet Ltd,Budapest, are pleased to cordially invite</p>
<p>to a<strong>:  Cancer Awareness and Alternative Therapy Seminar </strong>on Thursday September 15, 2011 at Union Bank Hall, The Sickle Cell centre, opposite LUTH Idiaraba, from 10am prompt.</p>
<p><strong>Speakers</strong>: Dr Szabolcs Ladi M.D. ofBudapest,HUNGARY, and</p>
<p>Dr F E Olotu</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><em>RSVP</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>Bolade A Soremekun </strong></p>
<p>Bolar Pharmaceuticals</p>
<p>08034499670, 08023193757</p>
<p><iframe src="https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/embeddedform?formkey=dFh6MGxiT0VuUHJJWVp1RTR4ZVNJb2c6MA" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="760" height="1048"></iframe></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Nigeria May Record 500,000 Cancer Cases Yearly</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/nigeria-may-record-500000-cancer-cases-yearly/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/nigeria-may-record-500000-cancer-cases-yearly/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:25:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cancer Info]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bolarpharm.com/?p=33</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[( 05.02.08 )   Source:]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>( 05.02.08 )</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>Source: The Guardian</p>
<p>A scary picture of the ravages of cancer on Nigerians by the year 2010 was painted by the Minister of Health, Prof. Adenike Grange, yesterday.</p>
<p>According to the minister, as from 2010, about 500,000 Nigerians may suffer from the disease.</p>
<p>The minister stated yesterday during an event to mark the World Cancer Day that government was desirous of raising public awareness on cancer as most Nigerians still did not appreciate the dangers posed by the deadly disease.</p>
<p>She added that government intends to engage individuals, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community-based organisations (CBOs) and communities to catalyse changes in smoking behaviour in the environment of children within their communities and develop toolkits, assist cancer organisations and health institutes in the country to develop information, advocacy campaign and surveys.</p>
<p>She explained: &#8220;InNigeria, like most African countries, 80 per cent to 90 per cent of cases are diagnosed only at very advanced stages of the disease when the only option of treatment is palliative to reduce distressing symptoms and improved quality of life till death ensues. Available information on cancer shows that about 100,000 new cases are diagnosed every year in Nigeria, and given the current population projection, it is estimated that by the year 2010, about 500,000 cases of cancer will occur in Nigeria annually.&#8221;</p>
<p>Grange identified tobacco smoke as a major cause of cancer as it contains over 2000 chemicals of which more than 40 are carcinogenic.</p>
<p>She added: &#8220;Tobacco is the single most important risk factor for non-communicable diseases, including cancers and is the largest preventable cause of cancers in the world. Tobacco is also responsible for over 25 diseases in man, including cancers.&#8221;</p>
<p>The scary statistics, Grange posited, should serve as a national wake-up call as doing otherwise would be increasing the already heavy burden of diseases on the country.</p>
<p>According to her, to tackle the challenge that cancer poses to the country, the Ministry of Health has developed an action plan for the control of major non-communicable diseases that include cancer control.</p>
<p>Grange further hinted that the Federal Government had provided cancer screening machines at the refurbished teaching hospitals under the Vamed projects.</p>
<p>Her words: &#8220;The national cancer control programme addresses such strategies for the control and prevention of cancer through screening, health education programmes, training of health personnel at the tertiary level, provision of diagnostic equipment in the hospitals as mammography machines and strengthening the existing cancer registries and produce guidelines for the management of cancer cases inNigeria. It is worth noting that the Federal Government through its teaching hospital modernisation under Vamed project has provided state of the art equipment in our hospitals for cancer screening.&#8221;</p>
<p>Chairman of National Consultative Committee On Cancer Control inNigeria, Prof. Abayomi Durosinmi-Etti, while presenting the report of his committee to the minister, bemoaned the state of cancer treatment in the country.</p>
<p>He stated that at the existing rate of population growth, only one radiotherapy machine is available to about 20 million Nigerians and called on government to provide more equipment for the treatment of cancer in order to stem the rising tide of the disease amongst the citizens.</p>
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		<title>DID YOU KNOW…… ?</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/did-you-know%e2%80%a6%e2%80%a6/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/did-you-know%e2%80%a6%e2%80%a6/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:20:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cancer Info]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bolarpharm.com/?p=30</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[?         &#8220;Cancer is predicted to]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>?         &#8220;Cancer is predicted to become the number one cause of death within 20 years when the risk of developing cancer in your life will be greater than 50%&#8221;. [Patrick Holford, founder of the Instituteof Optimum Nutrition, <em>Say No To Cancer </em>(Piatkus, London 1999 pages ix, xi)]</p>
<p>?         &#8220;Already one in eight women in theUKdevelop breast cancer&#8221; and &#8220;within 20 years one in four men are predicted to develop prostate cancer&#8221;. (Holford, page xii )</p>
<p>?         &#8220;All the billions of dollars of research we’ve thrown at cancer hasn’t influenced survival one little bit. More people than ever are dying from the solid tumours that make up 90% of all cancers. You’d never know any of this if you talked to the average oncologist.&#8221; [Lynne McTaggart <em>The Cancer Handbook</em> (What Doctors Don’t Tell You, London 2000)]</p>
<p>?         ‘The fact is, for most of today’s most common cancers, the ones that kill 90% of cancer patients every year, chemotherapy has never been proved to do any good at all and in fact may do harm.’ [ed. Lynne McTaggart <em>The Medical Desk Reference </em>(What Doctors Don’t Tell You,London, 2000) p50]</p>
<p>?         &#8220;…many medical oncologists recommend chemotherapy for virtually any tumour, with a hopefulness undiscouraged by almost invariable failure.&#8221; [Oncologist Dr Albert Braverman (Lancet, April 13, 1991)]</p>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;It should arouse concern that, according to opinion polls, many oncologists would decline to accept cytotoxic therapy in their own case&#8221;.   Dr Ulrich Abel of Heidelbergin Biomedicine and Pharmocotherapy 1992, quoted by Michael Gearin-Tosh, <em>Living Proof: A Medical Mutiny</em> (Scribner, London 2002)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;In my 25 years experience in this field, almost all of the long-term survivors I&#8217;ve known have used some alternative approaches, with or without conventional treatment.&#8221;  Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D. (www.cancerdecisions.com/beatcancer.html)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;Cancer is a chronic metabolic disease and in the past such diseases (e.g. scurvy, beriberi, pellagra) have only ever been cured by a change in diet&#8221;. (&#8220;A chronic disease is one which usually does not pass away of its own accord. A metabolic disease is one which occurs within the body and is not transmittable to another person.&#8221;) [G. Edward Griffin <em>World Without Cancer</em> (American Media, California, 1974 and 1997) p56-57]</li>
</ul>
<p>?         What we eat has a great effect on the immune system, which is the first line of defence against cancer. A healthy diet including vegetables and fruit, with vitamin, mineral and herbal supplements, and exercise can all boost the immune system. However when the body is under stress, of whatever kind, sometimes this is not enough.</p>
<p>?         There is a second line of defence to prevent cancer &#8211; vitamin B17, which is found in nitrilosides in hundreds of edible plants, plants which have generally been eliminated from a Western diet. Vitamin B17 contains a substance which directly targets cancer cells in the body.</p>
<p>?         &#8220;After more than twenty years of specialised work, I have found the non-toxic nitrilosides &#8211; that is, laetrile (concentrated vitamin B17) &#8211; far superior to any other known cancer treatment or preventative. In my opinion it is the only existing possibility for the ultimate control of cancer,&#8221; Dr Hans Nieper, former Director of Medicine atSilberseeHospitalinHanover, and Director of the German Society for Medical Tumour Treatment told news reporters on his visit to theUSAin 1972.&#8221;</p>
<p>?         &#8220;The ultimate question is, ‘Does nutritional therapy work?’ That depends on how you define ‘work’. If you are tumour oriented and are looking for something to make the tumour magically disappear, no, it doesn’t. If you are looking for something that will prevent the disease from spreading and save the life of the patient, yes, it does.&#8221; Dr Philip E Binzel <em>Alive and Well </em>(American Media, California 1994), General Practitioner in the USA, where he used vitamin B17 and nutritional therapy with phenomenal results for 18 years until he retired in 1991.</p>
<p>?         &#8220;Laetrile is goddamned quackery! &#8221; Helene Brown, president of the American Cancer Society of California. [<em>Today’s Health</em>, Nov. 1973 p28, quoted in <em>World Without Cancer</em>, G. Edward Griffin (American Media, California 1974 and 1997)</p>
<p>?         Those with cancer can do much to help themselves. "Other treatments (than chemotherapy) - the ones the American Cancer Society considers unproven - have better success rates. Once we all admit that, we can go forward." [Lynne McTaggart <em>The Cancer Handbook</em> (What Doctors Don’t Tell You, London 2000) p9]</p>
<p>This site concentrates on one of those ‘other treatments’ &#8211; vitamin B17, but also refers to other natural treatments which will work alongside it. In a war it is not usual to rely on one type of weapon. Similarly, it may be wise to combine vitamin B17 and nutritional therapy with other therapies to increase their effectiveness.</p>
<p>?         &#8220;Since so few cancers can actually be completely cured by the official medical establishment despite billions of dollars being spent on drug development, the crucial issue is not to contract it in the first place.&#8221; Chris Woollams M.A.(Oxon) <em>  Everything you need to know to help you beat cancer </em>(Health Issues, Buckingham 2002)</p>
<p>Most people reaching this site will be here because they, or people they know, have cancer &#8211; and they will find much information that relates to them. Nevertheless we believe the special role of VITAMIN B17 is in <strong>cancer</strong> <strong>prevention</strong>. It is easy to include in a normal, every day diet, and if everyone would recognise the necessity of doing this to prevent cancer and realise how easy it is to do, then cancer could be confined to the history books. However, since Dr Krebs did his pioneering work in the 1950s the chemicalisation of our world has continued unabated – “As the American Chemical Society catalogues the ten millionth man-made chemical….. there are 3500 chemical food additives…….” [Patrick Holford <em>Say No To Cancer</em> (Piatkus, London 1999 p24)].    And our food continues to contain fewer and fewer nutrients (e.g. between 1940 and 1991 magnesium in food has declined 25%, calcium by 47%, iron by 36% and copper by 62% [Dr Paul Clayton <em>Health Defence</em> (Accelerated Learning Systems, Aylesbury 2002)].   So supplementation as well as changing our diet has become a necessity, as well as removing as many toxins from our lifestyle as possible.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Most Cancer Patients Use Complementary Therapies</title>
		<link>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/most-cancer-patients-use-complementary-therapies/</link>
		<comments>http://bolarpharm.com/2011/08/most-cancer-patients-use-complementary-therapies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:19:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[LONDON (Reuters) July 15, 2002]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong></strong>LONDON (Reuters) July 15, 2002 &#8211; More than half of all cancer patients are using complementary therapies to cope with the side effects of hospital-based therapies, according to a report published Sunday. Market consultant Datamonitor said as many as 60% of cancer patients in certain European countries, and 80% in the United States, used special diets, vitamin supplements, herbal remedies or acupuncture. It said European use of complementary and alternative medicines appeared highest in Germany where products such as mistletoe had become established folk remedies.</p>
<p>Datamonitor estimated the global market for complementary and alternative medicines used by cancer patients could be as high as $18 billion annually, rivaling the sales of many traditional pharmaceutical approaches.</p>
<p>The report warned that information published on Web sites about herbal remedies was not always accurate and advised patients to consult a physician before using them. &#8220;Some herbal products or diets can affect how prescription cancer drugs are absorbed, or can increase certain side effects of mainstream cancer therapies,&#8221; according to the report.</p>
<p>&#8220;Patients taking complementary medicines need to share their use of these products with their oncologist, for the patients&#8217; safety and for the patients&#8217; best chance of fighting cancer,&#8221; it added.</p>
<p>The report forecast that increased scientific studies of alternative medicines could lead to the discovery of new drugs. Complementary medicine and pharmaceutical drug development could move closer to each other, perhaps resulting in novel therapies, new manufacturing companies and commercially successful partnerships.</p>
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		<title>What is Wellmune WGP®?</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:16:03 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Yeast beta-glucan is a naturally]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeast beta-glucan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from cell wall of bakers yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>).   It is often included in a large and diverse class of polysaccharides commonly referred to as beta-glucans.  Beta-glucans are derived from many sources including; oats, barley, seaweed, as well as many types microorganisms (bacteria, yeast and fungi).  While they all share a “common” b form of chemical bond between the individual glucose units, there are many subtle, but important differences in structure within the beta-glucan family that lead to large differences in function and potential health benefits. <span id="more-25"></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>We define the specific and proprietary form of yeast beta-glucan used in Biothera’s product by the trade name Wellmune WGP®.  It differs from other forms of beta-glucan in both chemical structure and biological activity.  Wellmune WGP has a backbone of glucose molecules linked together via a beta-(1? 3) linkage.  In addition there are branch points along the backbone where side chains of are attached via a beta-(1? 6) linkage.  Each side chain is typically 4-6 glucose units long.  A graphic representation of the chemical structure is provided below.</p>
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<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Different forms of beta-glucan</span></p>
<p>Beta-glucans derived from different sources have slightly different chain configurations, but all share the name beta-glucan (Figure 2).  Beta-glucans derived from cereal grains (oats and barley) have a linear structure (no branching) that alternates between beta (1? 3) and beta (1? 4) linkages (Figure 2).  Bacterial and seaweed derived beta-glucan have a linear structure (no branching) composed of only beta-(1? 3) linkages. (Figure 2)  Fungal (mushroom) forms a consist of a main chain of beta-(1? 3) linked glucose units with a periodic branching that consists of a single glucose unit side chain linked in a beta-(1? 6) configuration (Figure 2). Yeast beta-glucan has the highest degree of side-chain branching.  This is a major difference between the fungal (single unit side chain) and yeast b-glucan (4-8 unit side chain) chemical structure.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The subtle differences in chemical structure result in significant differences in biological activity among the various types of b-glucans.  Oat and barley beta-glucans have been shown to reduce cholesterol by binding to it and reducing uptake in the digestive tract.  Yeast and mushroom beta-glucan have a chemical structure that has an immune-enhancing biological activity due to the branching side chains.  The specific structural configuration of Wellmune WGP is recognized by the innate immune system, allowing it to bind to specific receptors on immune cells.  The ability to bind to these receptors is what gives Wellmune WGP it’s proven ability to enhance the functioning of innate immune cells by priming them to react as if a systemic yeast infection was present (see Chapter 3).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<td valign="top" width="590"><strong>Figure 2.  Different forms and structures of beta-glucans</strong></td>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Purification of Wellmune WGP</strong></p>
<p>The yeast <em>S. cerevisiae</em> is a common, safe yeast species that has been used food and beverage production for many thousands of years and is commonly called Baker’s yeast.  One of the most common sources of yeast beta-glucan is derived from the cell walls of baker’s yeast (<em>S. cerevisiae</em>).  Baker’s yeast is a common safe food ingredient.  In order to concentrate the beta-glucan in the cell wall of the baker’s yeast it is necessary to remove cell wall protein, fat (lipids) and other undesirable components from the final yeast beta-glucan product (Figure 3).  The beta-glucan in the Baker’s yeast cell wall is easily isolated and concentrated through a series of pretreatment wash steps in water (part of Biothera’s patented production process).  The final product has a typical purity of 75% yeast beta-glucan.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The beta-glucan from Baker’s yeast is unique in several aspects including the history of safety, ease of production and proven structure-activity relationship.  The production process starts with the yeast cell wall.  Wellmune is produced using minimal processing methods in a series of water-based wash steps that remove impurities and result in a final product that is a minimum 75% yeast beta-glucan.  Figure 3 provides a simplified overview of the result of the processing method used.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<td valign="top" width="590"><strong>Figure 3. Wellmune WGP Basic Processing Concept</strong><strong></strong></td>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Physical state of Wellmune WGP</span></p>
<p>Wellmune WGP is a source of yeast beta-glucan with defined specifications.  Wellmune WGP is produced from a proprietary non-genetically modified (non-GMO) strain of Baker’s yeast, <em>S. cerevisiae</em>.  The standard form of Wellmune WGP is an insoluble powder that is light beige to light tan in color.  It can be suspended in water based foods (dispersible).  Wellmune is produced using minimal processing methods (alkali and acid wash steps) and is a minimum 75% yeast beta-glucan.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The Baker’s yeast is produced using typical molasses-based growth in fermenters.  The cell wall is isolated by centrifuge and undergoes a water-based pre-treatment to isolate and purify the yeast beta-glucan.   During processing pre-treatment fats and protein are reduced as a means of concentrating the beta-glucan.  The simplified flow chart of the process is presented in Figure 4.  After the pre-treatment the Welllmune WGP ingredient is thoroughly rinsed with additional water prior to spray-drying and final packaging.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<td valign="top" width="613"><strong>Figure 4. Wellmune WGP production process</strong>&nbsp;</td>
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<p>References</p>
<p>1. Bohn, J. A.; BeMiller, J. N. <em>Carbohydr. Polym</em>., <strong>1995</strong>, <em>28</em>, 3-14.</p>
<p>2. York W.S.; Darvill, A.G.; McNeil, M.; Stevenson, T.T.;  Albersheim, P. <em>Meth. Enzymol</em>. <strong>1985</strong>,<em> 118</em>, 3-40.</p>
<p>3. Young, R.A.; Sarkanen, K.V. <em>Carbohydr. Res</em>., <strong>1977</strong>, <em>59</em>, 193-201.</p>
<p>4. Aspinall, G.O.; Krishnamurthy, T.N.; Furda, I.; Khan, R. <em>Can. J. Chem</em>., <strong>1975</strong>,<strong> </strong><em>53</em>, 2171-2177.</p>
<p>5. Ponder, G.R.; Richards, G.N. <em>Carbohydr. </em><em>Polym</em>., <strong>1997</strong>, <em>34</em>, 251-261.</p>
<p>6.  U.S.FDA.  2003.  Part 170.3—Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption.  <span style="text-decoration: underline;">In</span>:U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).  Title 21—Food and Drugs (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO);Washington,DC.</p>
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